Changes in Cardiovascular Risk-Factor Profiles among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Dapagliflozin and Valsartan: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Abstract

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often have cardiovascular risk factors, which significantly increase cardiovascular morbidity and death.

Objective: To assess cardiovascular risk variables in T2DM patients using valsartan and dapagliflozin.

Material and Methods: A prospective observational cohort research was conducted between March 2022 and March of 2023. Initially, 220 patients were enrolled, and 208 individuals were followed up with for six months. Clinical and biochemical indicators were assessed at baseline, three, and six months. The data was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression and appropriate statistical tests.

Results: Of the 208 patients, 162 (77.88%) had hypertension and 118 (56.73%) were men. Systolic blood pressure (144.80 to 127.65 mmHg), HbA1c (8.64% to 7.14%), fasting blood glucose (168.50 to 122.15 mg/dL), BMI (29.85 to 27.94 kg/m2), and lipid parameters all showed significant improvements (p < 0.001). Renal function didn't change much. In all, 126 individuals (60.58%) met their cardiovascular risk-factor goals. Medication adherence was a favorable predictor, but obesity, smoking, and a longer duration of diabetes were negative predictors.

Conclusion: Treatment with valsartan plus dapagliflozin was linked to steady renal function and better cardiovascular risk factor profiles.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Dapagliflozin; Valsartan; Cardiovascular risk factors; Glycaemic control; Renal function; Medication adherence.