Comparison of Angiographic Findings in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Women Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs02026205.4Keywords:
Acute coronary syndrome; diabetes mellitus; coronary angiography; coronary artery disease; women; multivessel disease; percutaneous coronary intervention; coronary artery bypass grafting.Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor of coronary artery disease and it may include the severity and complexity of the coronary involvement in women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Women have still been underrepresented in cardiovascular investigations and there is a paucity of evidence to support specifically angiographic disparities between diabetic and non-diabetic women with ACS. The objective is to make a comparison of angiographic findings in diabetic and non-diabetic women with ACS presentation.
Methodology: This was a comparative cross-sectional study that was carried out with 180 female patients who were admitted with ACS with undergone coronary angiography. Two equal groups of patients diabetic (n=90) and non-diabetic (n=90) were identified. The demographic features, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, angiographic findings were registered. Coronary angiography results such as number of vessels involved, culprit vessel, Lesion morphology, left main disease and treatment strategy were compared among the two groups. Data analysis was done with the SPSS version 26.
Findings: The mean age of diabetic females was significantly older compared to non-diabetic females (61.8±9.4 vs 57.1±10.2 years, p=0.002). The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity was significantly higher in diabetic patients. The prevalence of triple-vessel disease was markedly higher in diabetic women (34.4 vs 13.3) as compared to single-vessel disease in non-diabetic women (42.2 vs 22.2) (p<0.001). In non-diabetic patients, normal or non-obstructive coronaries were found to be more prevalent (20.0% vs 6.7%). The left main involvement was also more common in diabetics (7.8% vs 3.3%). Calcium and diffuse lesions were much more prevalent in diabetic women. The median angiographic severity score was much greater in diabetics (48.6±21.3 vs 31.4±18.7, p<0.001). Cardiac bypassing was frequently necessary in diabetics.
Conclusion: Female diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients with ACS exhibited more comprehensive and intricate coronary artery disease manifested by higher levels of multivessel disease, diffuse lesions, calcification, left main involvement, and angiographic severity. The results underscore the importance of early risk stratification and preventive management of diabetic women through aggressive management.
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Copyright (c) 2026 MUHAMMAD OSAMA RIAZ, MUHAMMAD AMJAD FAROOQ, MINAHIL BINTE TARIQ, FATIMA-TUL-ZAHRA, MUHAMMAD FAHAD SHAHID, ISTEHSAN AHMED
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