Prevalence of Spontaneous Bacteria Peritonitis in Patients with Hypoalbuminemia and Cirrhosis
Muhammad Siddique, Muhammad Abdul Quddus, Tahir Iqbal, Hefsa Qamar, Muhammad Ikram Shah, Muhammad Bilal
2943
ABSTRACT
Background
and Aim: Spontaneous
bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is one of the most serious complications of
ascites, resulting in liver cirrhosis infection, accounting for approximately
25% of all bacterial infections. Within a diagnostic year, the mortality rate
for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ranges from 30% to 90%. The current study
attempted to determine the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in
patients with hypoalbuminemia and cirrhosis.
Materials
and Methods: This
cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 cirrhosis with hypoalbuminemia
patients at Medical Unit A, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar and department
of Gastroenterology AK CMH / Sheikh Khalifa bin Zaid Al Nahyan Hospital,
Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. The duration of the study was six months from 5th
January 2021 to 5th June 2021. All patients of either gender with
liver cirrhosis and hypoalbuminemia aged 20 to 60 years were included in the
study. Each individual was asked to provide written informed consent. Each
patient's creatinine, albumin, and sodium levels were measured in the
laboratory using urine and blood sample tests. Each patient's absence or
presence of SBP was recorded according to the operational definition. For data
analysis, SPSS version 20 was used.
Results:
Of
the total 112 patients, 59 (52.7%) were male and 53 (473%) were female. The
overall mean age of the patients was 43.51±4.58 years whereas male and female
patients had 47.36±5.62 and 39.66±3.54 years respectively. The number of
patients falling in class B and Child Push class C was 50 (44.6%) and 62
(55.4%) respectively. The prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was
48 (42.9%). Out of 48 SBP patients, 29 (60.4%) were male and 19 (39.6%) were
female. The prevalence of SBP was seen in 13 (27.1%) cases of Class B and 35 (72.9%)
of Class C (Child-Pugh Class) respectively. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus
as comorbidities were present in 11 (9.8%) and 25 (22.3%) cases respectively.
Conclusion:
In
the current study, the prevalence of SBP was 42.9%. Our study revealed a higher
prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis patients. Also, a
significant association has been found between spontaneous bacterial
peritonitis and child Pugh Class C and Class B whereas SBP had no substantial connotation
with gender, etiology, and even age but with disease duration.
Keywords: Cirrhosis; Spontaneous
Bacterial Peritonitis; Hypoalbuminemia