ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the frequency of predisposing factors in patients having esophageal carcinoma and presented at gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Gastroenterology of Isra university hospital Hyderabad. The study duration was 6 months from July 2017 to December 2017. All patients with esophageal carcinoma assessed by endoscopy and biopsy, age 18 to 60 years either gender was included. During endoscopy specimens were taken with the help of biopsy forceps. Multiple specimens were taken from multiple sites of growth, and referred to the Aga Khan Diagnostic Laboratory for biopsy. In conformed esophageal carcinoma cases after biopsy, history of predisposing factors was taken from patients and their attendants. All the data were entered in the proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.

Results: In this study total 157 cases were studied and their mean age was 51.64+15.61 years. The mean duration of disease was 4.89+2.61 months. Males were found in majority 59.9%. According to the type of esophagus carcinoma 90.4% were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma was found 9.6%. Smoking was found most common in 45.2% cases, low intake fruit and vegetables history was in 14.0% cases, history of alcohol consumption was in 8.9% patients while Barrett’s esophagus was found only in 4.5% cases. Old age was found to be significantly more common in both types of carcinomas (p-0.017). There was significant difference was found in the association of predisposing factors with type of carcinoma as smoking, alcohol, low intake fruit and vegetables and smoking + alcohol (p-<0.05). Barrett’s esophagus and smoking + low intake fruit and vegetable were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma (p-0.001).

Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma was observed to be highly prevalent in patients of esophageal carcinoma. Smoking, alcohol, low intake fruit and vegetables and smoking + alcohol were found significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Barrett’s esophagus and smoking + low intake fruit and vegetables were found significantly associated with adenocarcinoma.