Abstract

Aim: To observe and analyze the histomorphological changes prompted by second generation (2G), third generation (3G) and fourth generation (4G) mobile

phones respectively, every day for 1 hour for 3 months. The rats were dissected on 90th day of the research. The cerebellums were taken out, fixed in 10% formalin, prepared and dyed with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological examination.

Results: It was noted on microscopic examination that radio waves from 2G, 3G and 4G cell phones caused harm to the margins of Purkinje cells of cerebellum. It was observed that the margins were 60% irregular in group B (2G) and 100% irregular in groups C (3G) and D (4G). Additionally, occurrence of perineuronal space was seen in around 60% of Purkinje cells in group B (2G) and 100% of Purkinje cells in groups C (3G) and D (4G).

Conclusion: The radio waves from 2G, 3G and 4G mobile phones have lethal results on the margins of Purkinje cells instigating the presence of perineuronal space around them in the cortex of cerebellum with 3G and 4G triggering further damage as equated to EMF from 2G mobile phones.

Keywords: Electromagnetic field (EMF), Fourth generation (4G) mobile phones, Purkinje cell layer, Rats