Energy drinks leading to infertility by causing cytotoxic injury of the ovaries - A randomized controlled animal trial
Maria Ilyas, Masooma Ahmed, Kanwal Saeed, Nazia Siddique, Momna Riaz, Muhammad Faisal Shahzad
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ABSTRACT
Aim: To observe energy drink induced
ovarian cytotoxicity and possible protective effects of co-administration of
omega 3 fatty acids.
Methods: The experimental study comprised
of 36 adult female albino rats was conducted at anatomy department, PGMI,
Lahore. Animals were divided into 3 groups. Group A was control. Groups B
received energy drink. Group C received omega 3 along with energy drinks once
daily orally for 30 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed under deep
anesthesia on 30th day. Ovaries were extracted and sections were
stained with H&E stains. Results were analyzed using SPSS. A p-value
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Animals administered with energy
drink showed marked pyknosis of graafian follicular cells and
oocyte nuclei when compared with control and energy dink plus omega 3 treated
animals. Vacuolization of the follicular cells was also more pronounced in energy
drinks treated group (p <0.001). Ovarian stroma of energy drink treated
group showed marked vascular congestion and tissue infiltration as compared to
the omega 3 plus energy drink treated groups..
Conclusion: Oxidative stress induced by the energy drinks is the basic cause
behind the toxic change seen in ovarian histo-architecture. Omega-3 significantly decreased these detrimental effects
of energy drink due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. This study
can be a pioneer in guiding the population about the harmful effects of energy
drinks on ovarian morphology, leading to cytotoxicity of oocyte and ultimately
leading to infertility.