Background: One of the most common issues arising these days is wheezing that is observed in kids below five year of age accompanied with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The main etiological causes of ARIs are viruses.

Aim: To investigate the viral cause of wheezing in kids below five years of age who were hospitalized in hospital located in Pakistan.

Methods: Forty candidates under 5 years of age were admitted complaining wheezing, in this case research. Nasal and throat swaps were taken. For screening purpose, real-time, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was employed in order to rule out rhinovirus, influenza 1 and 2, respiratory para influenza virus (PIV) 1, 2, 3 and 4, syncytial virus (RSV), human meta-pneumovirus, bocavirus (HBoV), Enterovirus Coronavirus, Parechovirus and adenovirus.

Results: 30% was regarded as total viral detection rate. Candidates detected with pheumonina viral RNA markers were found from their samples (6 cases), episodic wheeze (1 cases) bronchiolitis (7 cases) and multitrigger wheeze (8 cases). It was discovered that RSV was the most common virus found (30%) which is then followed by PIV1, 2 and 3(18%), HBoV (8%) and rhinovirus (4%). Whereas mixed infection was found in case of in 32 per cent.

Conclusions: According to the case research, respiratory viral agents was found to be the culprit in 30 per cent of kids suffering from wheezing; the most common RSV and PIV were responsible for 50 per cent of the total number of cases involved. In case of 30% of cases mixed infections were reported. There was also noteworthy Seasonal variation was noted. Moreover, Further research required to accomplished with a large samples and long duration follow up span in order to clarify results of research.

Keywords: Asthma - bronchiolitis - child - incidence - PCR