Background: Fertility is one of the main components of population growth. Knowing the fertility level of any society is important in assessing the economic and social conditions. Aim: To determine the attitude and practice of Zahedan women towards childbearing. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 Iranian married women aged 15-38 years in Zahedan. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software. Descriptive statistics methods and analytical statistics methods were used. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the current number of the research units’ children was 2.54 ± 1.54 children. Regarding the tendency to increase the number of children, 65.8% of women and 66% of their spouses tended to have another child and the average number of their preferred children was 3.49 ± 1.44. Other results showed that the majority of the subjects (72.50%) had a moderate attitude towards childbearing. Conclusion: Considering that more than half of women wanted to have another child and the majority of them had a moderate attitude towards childbearing, this shows a positive attitude toward childbearing. On the other hand, it should be noted that government interventions alone can not be a solution to prevent declining population growth, and in this regard, public acceptance and cooperation can also play an important role. Keywords: Attitude, Performance, Childbearing, Women