Progression of Venous Disease is Associated with Biomechanical and Morphological Changes in the Calf Muscle Pump
Ali Barzegar, Noureddin Karimi, Leila Rahnama, Mazhar Ali Bhutto, Mohammadhossen Ahrar Yazdi, Abdulrahim Sadeghi
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ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic venous disease
(CVD) is a common progressive disorder. Calf muscle incompetence due to muscle weakness and ankle movement
abnormalities is an important factor in CVD, but the biomechanical and
morphological characteristics of the calf muscle remain unknown
Aim:To evaluate the biomechanical and morphological characteristics
of the calf muscle in subjects with CVD and healthy controls.
Place
and duration of study: Study was conducted at University of Social
Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for the duration of six
months, from January, 2021 to June, 2021.
Materials and methods:In this case-control study, sixty patients with CVD in three
equal groups (mild: C1 – C2, moderate: C3 – C4, severe: C5 – C6) and 20 healthy
subjects in a control group participated. The shear wave elastography (SWE) and thickness of medial gastrocnemius muscle
(GM) were measured using an ultrasonography.
Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant
differences in SWE and thickness values between groups for medial GM
(P<0.05). There was a
statistically significant decrease in thickness and a significant increase in
SWE in patients with CVD. A positive and negative correlation was discovered
between disease grades and the medial GM SWE and thickness in patients with
CVD, respectively.
Conclusion:A change in the SWE
and thickness of the calf muscle compared to the control group indicates a
biomechanical and morphological change in the calf muscle pump. The
SWE and thickness values of the calf muscle may be valuable information in the
diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CVD.
Keywords: Calf muscle pump; Chronic
venous disease; Thickness;
Ultrasonography; Stiffness
ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic venous disease
(CVD) is a common progressive disorder. Calf muscle incompetence due to muscle weakness and ankle movement
abnormalities is an important factor in CVD, but the biomechanical and
morphological characteristics of the calf muscle remain unknown
Aim:To evaluate the biomechanical and morphological characteristics
of the calf muscle in subjects with CVD and healthy controls.
Place
and duration of study: Study was conducted at University of Social
Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, for the duration of six
months, from January, 2021 to June, 2021.
Materials and methods:In this case-control study, sixty patients with CVD in three
equal groups (mild: C1 – C2, moderate: C3 – C4, severe: C5 – C6) and 20 healthy
subjects in a control group participated. The shear wave elastography (SWE) and thickness of medial gastrocnemius muscle
(GM) were measured using an ultrasonography.
Results: The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant
differences in SWE and thickness values between groups for medial GM
(P<0.05). There was a
statistically significant decrease in thickness and a significant increase in
SWE in patients with CVD. A positive and negative correlation was discovered
between disease grades and the medial GM SWE and thickness in patients with
CVD, respectively.
Conclusion:A change in the SWE
and thickness of the calf muscle compared to the control group indicates a
biomechanical and morphological change in the calf muscle pump. The
SWE and thickness values of the calf muscle may be valuable information in the
diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CVD.
Keywords: Calf muscle pump; Chronic
venous disease; Thickness;
Ultrasonography; Stiffness