Does the Rhythmic Gymnastics Training Affect Serum Bone Resorption and Oxidative Stress Markers?
Pinar Tatlibal, Faruk Turgay, Onur Oral, Zeinab Rezaee
1298
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics
training (RGT) includes intensive anaerobic loads, therefore it may cause
oxidative stress (OS) and then consequently might negatively affect bone
metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) levels which is related to vasodilation and
bone metabolism. This study investigated the effects of chronic RGT on the
markers of serum bone metabolism, OS, and NO levels together, which is yet
unclear.
Materials and methods: 16 girls rhythmic
gymnasts (athletic group, AG; 10.33 ± 1.79, years) and 13 controls (CG; 9.23 ±
1.00 years) participated in this study. Type 1 collagen carboxy-terminal
cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP) as bone resorption marker (using ELISA method),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), and growth
hormone (GH) as bone metabolism markers; Total oxidant /antioxidant status
ratio (TOS/TAS) as OS index (OSI) and NO levels; Troponin-I (Tn-I), and CK-MB
levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST),
creatine kinase (CK) as muscle injury markers; Some hematological parameters
including hemogram were measured by standard methods.
Results: Serum ICTP1 (p=
0.01) and GH (47.4 %) levels of AG were significantly higher than CG, whereas
Ca level (p= 0.04) and body fat rate values was lower (p= 0.00). There is no
significant difference between the groups for other parameters.
Conclusions: The results suggest
that RGT training did not significantly affect OS and NO levels that can cause
anemia. But besides the increased GH levels, bone development can be affected
negatively in child gymnasts due to the increased ICTP and decreased Ca levels.
Thus, a calcium-rich diet and regular observation of bone metabolism markers
are recommended.
Keywords: Rhythmic gymnastics, Oxidative
stress, Bone destruction, Nitric oxide.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics
training (RGT) includes intensive anaerobic loads, therefore it may cause
oxidative stress (OS) and then consequently might negatively affect bone
metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) levels which is related to vasodilation and
bone metabolism. This study investigated the effects of chronic RGT on the
markers of serum bone metabolism, OS, and NO levels together, which is yet
unclear.
Materials and methods: 16 girls rhythmic
gymnasts (athletic group, AG; 10.33 ± 1.79, years) and 13 controls (CG; 9.23 ±
1.00 years) participated in this study. Type 1 collagen carboxy-terminal
cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP) as bone resorption marker (using ELISA method),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), and growth
hormone (GH) as bone metabolism markers; Total oxidant /antioxidant status
ratio (TOS/TAS) as OS index (OSI) and NO levels; Troponin-I (Tn-I), and CK-MB
levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST),
creatine kinase (CK) as muscle injury markers; Some hematological parameters
including hemogram were measured by standard methods.
Results: Serum ICTP1 (p=
0.01) and GH (47.4 %) levels of AG were significantly higher than CG, whereas
Ca level (p= 0.04) and body fat rate values was lower (p= 0.00). There is no
significant difference between the groups for other parameters.
Conclusions: The results suggest
that RGT training did not significantly affect OS and NO levels that can cause
anemia. But besides the increased GH levels, bone development can be affected
negatively in child gymnasts due to the increased ICTP and decreased Ca levels.
Thus, a calcium-rich diet and regular observation of bone metabolism markers
are recommended.
Keywords: Rhythmic gymnastics, Oxidative
stress, Bone destruction, Nitric oxide.