Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the root and canal system in maxillary 1^st premolar teeth in our patients using cone-beam computed tomography in subpopulation of Pakistan in Lahore.

Material & methods. This retrospective study in vivo assessed Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaginings of maxillary 1^st premolars from February 2017 to January 2019. This study determined the number of roots, canals and root canal conformation as described by Vertucci’s classification.

Results. 150 subjects aged 17-75 years were enrolled with 90 females and 60 males. From 200 1^st maxillary pre-molars, 75% of the teeth had two roots. 21% had one root. 4% had three roots. 94% teeth had two canals. Three canals were detected in 4% teeth. One canal in 2% teeth. Regarding canal configuration, type I canal in 72% cases and type V canal in 13% of cases.

Conclusion. The Cone-beam computed tomography system is par excellence diagnostic modality than radiographic diagnosis providing improved and exact knowledge of root and canal variations plus configuration.

Keywords: CBCT, Maxillary premolars, Endodontic treatment, Vertucci’s classification, root canal.