Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of convergence and accommodation insufficiency and its associated symptoms.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study containing 320 patients was conducted in ophthalmology department of Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. After history taking ocular examination of each subjects started from V/A followed by with and without glasses, pinhole, autorefractrometry and subjective refraction. The near point of convergence and near point of accommodation were measured using 50 cm long RAF rule with rotating four sided cubes of dissimilar target. Then convergence insufficiency symptoms were found in patients through a questionnaire.

Results: The total sample n=320 subjects including males (n=119) and females (n=201) were divided into 2 groups of age ranging 15 to 25 years and 26-35 years. The percentage of normal individual without any symptoms was 53.4%. The percentage of convergence and accommodation insufficiency alone was 8.125% and 16.875% respectively. The co morbidity of both convergence and accommodation insufficiency accounted for 21.56%. The overall percentage of convergence insufficiency was 29.4% while accommodation insufficiency was seen in 38.4% patients. The frequency of major symptoms including headache, eyestrain, sleepiness, double vision, pulling feelings and read slowly were 97.9%, 96.8%, 64.9%, 43.6%, 90.4% and 36.3 % respectively.

Conclusion: There was a highly significant association of convergence and accommodation insufficiency. This study emphasizes on measuring the convergence and accommodation insufficiency along with the other refraction test and make it an integral part of routine examination.

Keywords: Binocular vision disorder, Binocular eye alignment.