DURR-E-SHAHWAR HAYAT, ANUM SULTAN, ZEBA ADEEL, SAHAR FATIMA, MUHAMMAD ALI, BHESHAM KUMAR

Spectrum and Frequency of Imaging Findings in Dengue Fever

DURR-E-SHAHWAR HAYAT, ANUM SULTAN, ZEBA ADEEL, SAHAR FATIMA, MUHAMMAD ALI, BHESHAM KUMAR



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ABSTRACT

Objective: The dengue fever is the infectious disease that is caused by the bite of species Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. The dengue outbreak is a periodic major health issue in Pakistan with the recurrence of the disease reported every year. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the spectrum and frequency of radiological findings in dengue fever with a positive serological test. 

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients showing positive findings on different imaging modalities was included. Of the total 390 patients, 171 underwent different radiological imaging. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1, with a mean age of 35.9 years. Frequency of radiological findings was evaluated using chest and abdominal sonography as the initial diagnostic modalities. Cerebral haemorrhage and encephalitis were evaluated using CT and MRI contrast studies. Age distribution and frequency of radiological findings were evaluated. 

Results: The most common finding was mild ascites recorded in 72 patients followed by mild right-sided pleural effusion and edematous gall bladder wall thickening. Splenomegaly was a more frequent finding compared to hepatomegaly. The newly encountered finding of renal parenchymal changes was recorded in 7 patients. Only two patients had cerebral encephalitis and haemorrhage. Liver abscess was recorded in 1 patient.

Conclusion: In a nutshell, the patients with the clinical presentation of dengue infection and radiological findings of ascites, pleural effusion, and gall bladder wall oedema during an epidemic should imply the diagnosis of dengue fever until proven otherwise. The economic and timely available modality of ultrasound helps in the early commencement of medical treatment before the availability of serology. The commonly encountered findings of mild ascites, pleural effusion, liver changes, and renal parenchymal disease attribute to the different antigenic factors and demographic variation. However, more studies are required with targeted evaluation of these visceral changes in disease.

Key Words: Dengue, Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging.



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